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# node-dashdash changelog
## not yet released
(nothing yet)
## 1.14.1
- [issue #30] Change the output used by dashdash's Bash completion support to
indicate "there are no completions for this argument" to cope with different
sorting rules on different Bash/platforms. For example:
$ triton -v -p test2 package get <TAB> # before
##-no -tritonpackage- completions-##
$ triton -v -p test2 package get <TAB> # after
##-no-completion- -results-##
## 1.14.0
- New `synopsisFromOpt(<option spec>)` function. This will be used by
[node-cmdln](https://github.com/trentm/node-cmdln) to put together a synopsis
of options for a command. Some examples:
> synopsisFromOpt({names: ['help', 'h'], type: 'bool'});
'[ --help | -h ]'
> synopsisFromOpt({name: 'file', type: 'string', helpArg: 'FILE'});
'[ --file=FILE ]'
## 1.13.1
- [issue #20] `bashCompletionSpecFromOptions` breaks on an options array with
an empty-string group.
## 1.13.0
- Update assert-plus dep to 1.x to get recent fixes (particularly for
`assert.optional*`).
- Drop testing (and official support in packages.json#engines) for node 0.8.x.
Add testing against node 5.x and 4.x with `make testall`.
- [pull #16] Change the `positiveInteger` type to NOT accept zero (0).
For those who might need the old behaviour, see
"examples/custom-option-intGteZero.js". (By Dave Pacheco.)
## 1.12.2
- Bash completion: Add `argtypes` to specify the types of positional args.
E.g. this would allow you to have an `ssh` command with `argtypes = ['host',
'cmd']` for bash completion. You then have to provide Bash functions to
handle completing those types via the `specExtra` arg. See
"[examples/ddcompletion.js](examples/ddcompletion.js)" for an example.
- Bash completion: Tweak so that options or only offered as completions when
there is a leading '-'. E.g. `mytool <TAB>` does NOT offer options, `mytool
-<TAB>` *does*. Without this, a tool with options would never be able to
fallback to Bash's "default" completion. For example `ls <TAB>` wouldn't
result in filename completion. Now it will.
- Bash completion: A workaround for not being able to explicitly have *no*
completion results. Because dashdash's completion uses `complete -o default`,
we fallback to Bash's "default" completion (typically for filename
completion). Before this change, an attempt to explicitly say "there are
no completions that match" would unintentionally trigger filename completion.
Instead as a workaround we return:
$ ddcompletion --none <TAB> # the 'none' argtype
##-no completions-##
$ ddcompletion # a custom 'fruit' argtype
apple banana orange
$ ddcompletion z
##-no -fruit- completions-##
This is a bit of a hack, but IMO a better experience than the surprise
of matching a local filename beginning with 'z', which isn't, in this
case, a "fruit".
## 1.12.1
- Bash completion: Document `<option spec>.completionType`. Add `includeHidden`
option to `bashCompletionSpecFromOptions()`. Add support for dealing with
hidden subcmds.
## 1.12.0
- Support for generating Bash completion files. See the "Bash completion"
section of the README.md and "examples/ddcompletion.js" for an example.
## 1.11.0
- Add the `arrayFlatten` boolean option to `dashdash.addOptionType` used for
custom option types. This allows one to create an `arrayOf...` option type
where each usage of the option can return multiple results. For example:
node mytool.js --foo a,b --foo c
We could define an option type for `--foo` such that
`opts.foo = ['a', 'b', 'c']`. See
"[examples/custom-option-arrayOfCommaSepString.js](examples/custom-option-arrayOfCommaSepString.js)"
for an example.
## 1.10.1
- Trim the published package to the minimal bits. Before: 24K tarball, 144K unpacked.
After: 12K tarball, 48K unpacked. `npm` won't let me drop the README.md. :)
## 1.10.0
- [issue #9] Support `includeDefault` in help config (similar to `includeEnv`) to have a
note of an option's default value, if any, in help output.
- [issue #11] Fix option group breakage introduced in v1.9.0.
## 1.9.0
- [issue #10] Custom option types added with `addOptionType` can specify a
"default" value. See "examples/custom-option-fruit.js".
## 1.8.0
- Support `hidden: true` in an option spec to have help output exclude this
option.
## 1.7.3
- [issue #8] Fix parsing of a short option group when one of the
option takes an argument. For example, consider `tail` with
a `-f` boolean option and a `-n` option that takes a number
argument. This should parse:
tail -fn5
Before this change, that would not parse correctly.
It is suspected that this was introduced in version 1.4.0
(with commit 656fa8bc71c372ebddad0a7026bd71611e2ec99a).
## 1.7.2
- Known issues: #8
- Exclude 'tools/' dir in packages published to npm.
## 1.7.1
- Known issues: #8
- Support an option group *empty string* value:
...
{ group: '' },
...
to render as a blank line in option help. This can help separate loosely
related sets of options without resorting to a title for option groups.
## 1.7.0
- Known issues: #8
- [pull #7] Support for `<parser>.help({helpWrap: false, ...})` option to be able
to fully control the formatting for option help (by Patrick Mooney) `helpWrap:
false` can also be set on individual options in the option objects, e.g.:
var options = [
{
names: ['foo'],
type: 'string',
helpWrap: false,
help: 'long help with\n newlines' +
'\n spaces\n and such\nwill render correctly'
},
...
];
## 1.6.0
- Known issues: #8
- [pull #6] Support headings between groups of options (by Joshua M. Clulow)
so that this code:
var options = [
{ group: 'Armament Options' },
{ names: [ 'weapon', 'w' ], type: 'string' },
{ group: 'General Options' },
{ names: [ 'help', 'h' ], type: 'bool' }
];
...
will give you this help output:
...
Armament Options:
-w, --weapon
General Options:
-h, --help
...
## 1.5.0
- Known issues: #8
- Add support for adding custom option types. "examples/custom-option-duration.js"
shows an example adding a "duration" option type.
$ node custom-option-duration.js -t 1h
duration: 3600000 ms
$ node custom-option-duration.js -t 1s
duration: 1000 ms
$ node custom-option-duration.js -t 5d
duration: 432000000 ms
$ node custom-option-duration.js -t bogus
custom-option-duration.js: error: arg for "-t" is not a valid duration: "bogus"
A custom option type is added via:
var dashdash = require('dashdash');
dashdash.addOptionType({
name: '...',
takesArg: true,
helpArg: '...',
parseArg: function (option, optstr, arg) {
...
}
});
- [issue #4] Add `date` and `arrayOfDate` option types. They accept these date
formats: epoch second times (e.g. 1396031701) and ISO 8601 format:
`YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS[.sss][Z]]` (e.g. "2014-03-28",
"2014-03-28T18:35:01.489Z"). See "examples/date.js" for an example usage.
$ node examples/date.js -s 2014-01-01 -e $(date +%s)
start at 2014-01-01T00:00:00.000Z
end at 2014-03-29T04:26:18.000Z
## 1.4.0
- Known issues: #8
- [pull #2, pull #3] Add a `allowUnknown: true` option on `createParser` to
allow unknown options to be passed through as `opts._args` instead of parsing
throwing an exception (by https://github.com/isaacs).
See 'allowUnknown' in the README for a subtle caveat.
## 1.3.2
- Fix a subtlety where a *bool* option using both `env` and `default` didn't
work exactly correctly. If `default: false` then all was fine (by luck).
However, if you had an option like this:
options: [ {
names: ['verbose', 'v'],
env: 'FOO_VERBOSE',
'default': true, // <--- this
type: 'bool'
} ],
wanted `FOO_VERBOSE=0` to make the option false, then you need the fix
in this version of dashdash.
## 1.3.1
- [issue #1] Fix an envvar not winning over an option 'default'. Previously
an option with both `default` and `env` would never take a value from the
environment variable. E.g. `FOO_FILE` would never work here:
options: [ {
names: ['file', 'f'],
env: 'FOO_FILE',
'default': 'default.file',
type: 'string'
} ],
## 1.3.0
- [Backward incompatible change for boolean envvars] Change the
interpretation of environment variables for boolean options to consider '0'
to be false. Previous to this *any* value to the envvar was considered
true -- which was quite misleading. Example:
$ FOO_VERBOSE=0 node examples/foo.js
# opts: { verbose: [ false ],
_order: [ { key: 'verbose', value: false, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
## 1.2.1
- Fix for `parse.help({includeEnv: true, ...})` handling to ensure that an
option with an `env` **but no `help`** still has the "Environment: ..."
output. E.g.:
{ names: ['foo'], type: 'string', env: 'FOO' }
...
--foo=ARG Environment: FOO=ARG
## 1.2.0
- Transform the option key on the `opts` object returned from
`<parser>.parse()` for convenience. Currently this is just
`s/-/_/g`, e.g. '--dry-run' -> `opts.dry_run`. This allow one to use hyphen
in option names (common) but not have to do silly things like
`opt["dry-run"]` to access the parsed results.
## 1.1.0
- Environment variable integration. Envvars can be associated with an option,
then option processing will fallback to using that envvar if defined and
if the option isn't specified in argv. See the "Environment variable
integration" section in the README.
- Change the `<parser>.parse()` signature to take a single object with keys
for arguments. The old signature is still supported.
- `dashdash.createParser(CONFIG)` alternative to `new dashdash.Parser(CONFIG)`
a la many node-land APIs.
## 1.0.2
- Add "positiveInteger" and "arrayOfPositiveInteger" option types that only
accept positive integers.
- Add "integer" and "arrayOfInteger" option types that accepts only integers.
Note that, for better or worse, these do NOT accept: "0x42" (hex), "1e2"
(with exponent) or "1.", "3.0" (floats).
## 1.0.1
- Fix not modifying the given option spec objects (which breaks creating
a Parser with them more than once).
## 1.0.0
First release.

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# This is the MIT license
Copyright (c) 2013 Trent Mick. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 2013 Joyent Inc. All rights reserved.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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A light, featureful and explicit option parsing library for node.js.
[Why another one? See below](#why). tl;dr: The others I've tried are one of
too loosey goosey (not explicit), too big/too many deps, or ill specified.
YMMV.
Follow <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/user?screen_name=trentmick" target="_blank">@trentmick</a>
for updates to node-dashdash.
# Install
npm install dashdash
# Usage
```javascript
var dashdash = require('dashdash');
// Specify the options. Minimally `name` (or `names`) and `type`
// must be given for each.
var options = [
{
// `names` or a single `name`. First element is the `opts.KEY`.
names: ['help', 'h'],
// See "Option specs" below for types.
type: 'bool',
help: 'Print this help and exit.'
}
];
// Shortcut form. As called it infers `process.argv`. See below for
// the longer form to use methods like `.help()` on the Parser object.
var opts = dashdash.parse({options: options});
console.log("opts:", opts);
console.log("args:", opts._args);
```
# Longer Example
A more realistic [starter script "foo.js"](./examples/foo.js) is as follows.
This also shows using `parser.help()` for formatted option help.
```javascript
var dashdash = require('./lib/dashdash');
var options = [
{
name: 'version',
type: 'bool',
help: 'Print tool version and exit.'
},
{
names: ['help', 'h'],
type: 'bool',
help: 'Print this help and exit.'
},
{
names: ['verbose', 'v'],
type: 'arrayOfBool',
help: 'Verbose output. Use multiple times for more verbose.'
},
{
names: ['file', 'f'],
type: 'string',
help: 'File to process',
helpArg: 'FILE'
}
];
var parser = dashdash.createParser({options: options});
try {
var opts = parser.parse(process.argv);
} catch (e) {
console.error('foo: error: %s', e.message);
process.exit(1);
}
console.log("# opts:", opts);
console.log("# args:", opts._args);
// Use `parser.help()` for formatted options help.
if (opts.help) {
var help = parser.help({includeEnv: true}).trimRight();
console.log('usage: node foo.js [OPTIONS]\n'
+ 'options:\n'
+ help);
process.exit(0);
}
// ...
```
Some example output from this script (foo.js):
```
$ node foo.js -h
# opts: { help: true,
_order: [ { name: 'help', value: true, from: 'argv' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
usage: node foo.js [OPTIONS]
options:
--version Print tool version and exit.
-h, --help Print this help and exit.
-v, --verbose Verbose output. Use multiple times for more verbose.
-f FILE, --file=FILE File to process
$ node foo.js -v
# opts: { verbose: [ true ],
_order: [ { name: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'argv' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
$ node foo.js --version arg1
# opts: { version: true,
_order: [ { name: 'version', value: true, from: 'argv' } ],
_args: [ 'arg1' ] }
# args: [ 'arg1' ]
$ node foo.js -f bar.txt
# opts: { file: 'bar.txt',
_order: [ { name: 'file', value: 'bar.txt', from: 'argv' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
$ node foo.js -vvv --file=blah
# opts: { verbose: [ true, true, true ],
file: 'blah',
_order:
[ { name: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'argv' },
{ name: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'argv' },
{ name: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'argv' },
{ name: 'file', value: 'blah', from: 'argv' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
```
See the ["examples"](examples/) dir for a number of starter examples using
some of dashdash's features.
# Environment variable integration
If you want to allow environment variables to specify options to your tool,
dashdash makes this easy. We can change the 'verbose' option in the example
above to include an 'env' field:
```javascript
{
names: ['verbose', 'v'],
type: 'arrayOfBool',
env: 'FOO_VERBOSE', // <--- add this line
help: 'Verbose output. Use multiple times for more verbose.'
},
```
then the **"FOO_VERBOSE" environment variable** can be used to set this
option:
```shell
$ FOO_VERBOSE=1 node foo.js
# opts: { verbose: [ true ],
_order: [ { name: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
```
Boolean options will interpret the empty string as unset, '0' as false
and anything else as true.
```shell
$ FOO_VERBOSE= node examples/foo.js # not set
# opts: { _order: [], _args: [] }
# args: []
$ FOO_VERBOSE=0 node examples/foo.js # '0' is false
# opts: { verbose: [ false ],
_order: [ { key: 'verbose', value: false, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
$ FOO_VERBOSE=1 node examples/foo.js # true
# opts: { verbose: [ true ],
_order: [ { key: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
$ FOO_VERBOSE=boogabooga node examples/foo.js # true
# opts: { verbose: [ true ],
_order: [ { key: 'verbose', value: true, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
```
Non-booleans can be used as well. Strings:
```shell
$ FOO_FILE=data.txt node examples/foo.js
# opts: { file: 'data.txt',
_order: [ { key: 'file', value: 'data.txt', from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
```
Numbers:
```shell
$ FOO_TIMEOUT=5000 node examples/foo.js
# opts: { timeout: 5000,
_order: [ { key: 'timeout', value: 5000, from: 'env' } ],
_args: [] }
# args: []
$ FOO_TIMEOUT=blarg node examples/foo.js
foo: error: arg for "FOO_TIMEOUT" is not a positive integer: "blarg"
```
With the `includeEnv: true` config to `parser.help()` the environment
variable can also be included in **help output**:
usage: node foo.js [OPTIONS]
options:
--version Print tool version and exit.
-h, --help Print this help and exit.
-v, --verbose Verbose output. Use multiple times for more verbose.
Environment: FOO_VERBOSE=1
-f FILE, --file=FILE File to process
# Bash completion
Dashdash provides a simple way to create a Bash completion file that you
can place in your "bash_completion.d" directory -- sometimes that is
"/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/"). Features:
- Support for short and long opts
- Support for knowing which options take arguments
- Support for subcommands (e.g. 'git log <TAB>' to show just options for the
log subcommand). See
[node-cmdln](https://github.com/trentm/node-cmdln#bash-completion) for
how to integrate that.
- Does the right thing with "--" to stop options.
- Custom optarg and arg types for custom completions.
Dashdash will return bash completion file content given a parser instance:
var parser = dashdash.createParser({options: options});
console.log( parser.bashCompletion({name: 'mycli'}) );
or directly from a `options` array of options specs:
var code = dashdash.bashCompletionFromOptions({
name: 'mycli',
options: OPTIONS
});
Write that content to "/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/mycli" and you will
have Bash completions for `mycli`. Alternatively you can write it to
any file (e.g. "~/.bashrc") and source it.
You could add a `--completion` hidden option to your tool that emits the
completion content and document for your users to call that to install
Bash completions.
See [examples/ddcompletion.js](examples/ddcompletion.js) for a complete
example, including how one can define bash functions for completion of custom
option types. Also see [node-cmdln](https://github.com/trentm/node-cmdln) for
how it uses this for Bash completion for full multi-subcommand tools.
- TODO: document specExtra
- TODO: document includeHidden
- TODO: document custom types, `function complete\_FOO` guide, completionType
- TODO: document argtypes
# Parser config
Parser construction (i.e. `dashdash.createParser(CONFIG)`) takes the
following fields:
- `options` (Array of option specs). Required. See the
[Option specs](#option-specs) section below.
- `interspersed` (Boolean). Optional. Default is true. If true this allows
interspersed arguments and options. I.e.:
node ./tool.js -v arg1 arg2 -h # '-h' is after interspersed args
Set it to false to have '-h' **not** get parsed as an option in the above
example.
- `allowUnknown` (Boolean). Optional. Default is false. If false, this causes
unknown arguments to throw an error. I.e.:
node ./tool.js -v arg1 --afe8asefksjefhas
Set it to true to treat the unknown option as a positional
argument.
**Caveat**: When a shortopt group, such as `-xaz` contains a mix of
known and unknown options, the *entire* group is passed through
unmolested as a positional argument.
Consider if you have a known short option `-a`, and parse the
following command line:
node ./tool.js -xaz
where `-x` and `-z` are unknown. There are multiple ways to
interpret this:
1. `-x` takes a value: `{x: 'az'}`
2. `-x` and `-z` are both booleans: `{x:true,a:true,z:true}`
Since dashdash does not know what `-x` and `-z` are, it can't know
if you'd prefer to receive `{a:true,_args:['-x','-z']}` or
`{x:'az'}`, or `{_args:['-xaz']}`. Leaving the positional arg unprocessed
is the easiest mistake for the user to recover from.
# Option specs
Example using all fields (required fields are noted):
```javascript
{
names: ['file', 'f'], // Required (one of `names` or `name`).
type: 'string', // Required.
completionType: 'filename',
env: 'MYTOOL_FILE',
help: 'Config file to load before running "mytool"',
helpArg: 'PATH',
helpWrap: false,
default: path.resolve(process.env.HOME, '.mytoolrc')
}
```
Each option spec in the `options` array must/can have the following fields:
- `name` (String) or `names` (Array). Required. These give the option name
and aliases. The first name (if more than one given) is the key for the
parsed `opts` object.
- `type` (String). Required. One of:
- bool
- string
- number
- integer
- positiveInteger
- date (epoch seconds, e.g. 1396031701, or ISO 8601 format
`YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM:SS[.sss][Z]]`, e.g. "2014-03-28T18:35:01.489Z")
- arrayOfBool
- arrayOfString
- arrayOfNumber
- arrayOfInteger
- arrayOfPositiveInteger
- arrayOfDate
FWIW, these names attempt to match with asserts on
[assert-plus](https://github.com/mcavage/node-assert-plus).
You can add your own custom option types with `dashdash.addOptionType`.
See below.
- `completionType` (String). Optional. This is used for [Bash
completion](#bash-completion) for an option argument. If not specified,
then the value of `type` is used. Any string may be specified, but only the
following values have meaning:
- `none`: Provide no completions.
- `file`: Bash's default completion (i.e. `complete -o default`), which
includes filenames.
- *Any string FOO for which a `function complete_FOO` Bash function is
defined.* This is for custom completions for a given tool. Typically
these custom functions are provided in the `specExtra` argument to
`dashdash.bashCompletionFromOptions()`. See
["examples/ddcompletion.js"](examples/ddcompletion.js) for an example.
- `env` (String or Array of String). Optional. An environment variable name
(or names) that can be used as a fallback for this option. For example,
given a "foo.js" like this:
var options = [{names: ['dry-run', 'n'], env: 'FOO_DRY_RUN'}];
var opts = dashdash.parse({options: options});
Both `node foo.js --dry-run` and `FOO_DRY_RUN=1 node foo.js` would result
in `opts.dry_run = true`.
An environment variable is only used as a fallback, i.e. it is ignored if
the associated option is given in `argv`.
- `help` (String). Optional. Used for `parser.help()` output.
- `helpArg` (String). Optional. Used in help output as the placeholder for
the option argument, e.g. the "PATH" in:
...
-f PATH, --file=PATH File to process
...
- `helpWrap` (Boolean). Optional, default true. Set this to `false` to have
that option's `help` *not* be text wrapped in `<parser>.help()` output.
- `default`. Optional. A default value used for this option, if the
option isn't specified in argv.
- `hidden` (Boolean). Optional, default false. If true, help output will not
include this option. See also the `includeHidden` option to
`bashCompletionFromOptions()` for [Bash completion](#bash-completion).
# Option group headings
You can add headings between option specs in the `options` array. To do so,
simply add an object with only a `group` property -- the string to print as
the heading for the subsequent options in the array. For example:
```javascript
var options = [
{
group: 'Armament Options'
},
{
names: [ 'weapon', 'w' ],
type: 'string'
},
{
group: 'General Options'
},
{
names: [ 'help', 'h' ],
type: 'bool'
}
];
...
```
Note: You can use an empty string, `{group: ''}`, to get a blank line in help
output between groups of options.
# Help config
The `parser.help(...)` function is configurable as follows:
Options:
Armament Options:
^^ -w WEAPON, --weapon=WEAPON Weapon with which to crush. One of: |
/ sword, spear, maul |
/ General Options: |
/ -h, --help Print this help and exit. |
/ ^^^^ ^ |
\ `-- indent `-- helpCol maxCol ---'
`-- headingIndent
- `indent` (Number or String). Default 4. Set to a number (for that many
spaces) or a string for the literal indent.
- `headingIndent` (Number or String). Default half length of `indent`. Set to
a number (for that many spaces) or a string for the literal indent. This
indent applies to group heading lines, between normal option lines.
- `nameSort` (String). Default is 'length'. By default the names are
sorted to put the short opts first (i.e. '-h, --help' preferred
to '--help, -h'). Set to 'none' to not do this sorting.
- `maxCol` (Number). Default 80. Note that reflow is just done on whitespace
so a long token in the option help can overflow maxCol.
- `helpCol` (Number). If not set a reasonable value will be determined
between `minHelpCol` and `maxHelpCol`.
- `minHelpCol` (Number). Default 20.
- `maxHelpCol` (Number). Default 40.
- `helpWrap` (Boolean). Default true. Set to `false` to have option `help`
strings *not* be textwrapped to the helpCol..maxCol range.
- `includeEnv` (Boolean). Default false. If the option has associated
environment variables (via the `env` option spec attribute), then
append mentioned of those envvars to the help string.
- `includeDefault` (Boolean). Default false. If the option has a default value
(via the `default` option spec attribute, or a default on the option's type),
then a "Default: VALUE" string will be appended to the help string.
# Custom option types
Dashdash includes a good starter set of option types that it will parse for
you. However, you can add your own via:
var dashdash = require('dashdash');
dashdash.addOptionType({
name: '...',
takesArg: true,
helpArg: '...',
parseArg: function (option, optstr, arg) {
...
},
array: false, // optional
arrayFlatten: false, // optional
default: ..., // optional
completionType: ... // optional
});
For example, a simple option type that accepts 'yes', 'y', 'no' or 'n' as
a boolean argument would look like:
var dashdash = require('dashdash');
function parseYesNo(option, optstr, arg) {
var argLower = arg.toLowerCase()
if (~['yes', 'y'].indexOf(argLower)) {
return true;
} else if (~['no', 'n'].indexOf(argLower)) {
return false;
} else {
throw new Error(format(
'arg for "%s" is not "yes" or "no": "%s"',
optstr, arg));
}
}
dashdash.addOptionType({
name: 'yesno'
takesArg: true,
helpArg: '<yes|no>',
parseArg: parseYesNo
});
var options = {
{names: ['answer', 'a'], type: 'yesno'}
};
var opts = dashdash.parse({options: options});
See "examples/custom-option-\*.js" for other examples.
See the `addOptionType` block comment in "lib/dashdash.js" for more details.
Please let me know [with an
issue](https://github.com/trentm/node-dashdash/issues/new) if you write a
generally useful one.
# Why
Why another node.js option parsing lib?
- `nopt` really is just for "tools like npm". Implicit opts (e.g. '--no-foo'
works for every '--foo'). Can't disable abbreviated opts. Can't do multiple
usages of same opt, e.g. '-vvv' (I think). Can't do grouped short opts.
- `optimist` has surprise interpretation of options (at least to me).
Implicit opts mean ambiguities and poor error handling for fat-fingering.
`process.exit` calls makes it hard to use as a libary.
- `optparse` Incomplete docs. Is this an attempted clone of Python's `optparse`.
Not clear. Some divergence. `parser.on("name", ...)` API is weird.
- `argparse` Dep on underscore. No thanks just for option processing.
`find lib | wc -l` -> `26`. Overkill.
Argparse is a bit different anyway. Not sure I want that.
- `posix-getopt` No type validation. Though that isn't a killer. AFAIK can't
have a long opt without a short alias. I.e. no `getopt_long` semantics.
Also, no whizbang features like generated help output.
- ["commander.js"](https://github.com/visionmedia/commander.js): I wrote
[a critique](http://trentm.com/2014/01/a-critique-of-commander-for-nodejs.html)
a while back. It seems fine, but last I checked had
[an outstanding bug](https://github.com/visionmedia/commander.js/pull/121)
that would prevent me from using it.
# License
MIT. See LICENSE.txt.

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#!/bin/bash
#
# Bash completion generated for '{{name}}' at {{date}}.
#
# The original template lives here:
# https://github.com/trentm/node-dashdash/blob/master/etc/dashdash.bash_completion.in
#
#
# Copyright 2016 Trent Mick
# Copyright 2016 Joyent, Inc.
#
#
# A generic Bash completion driver script.
#
# This is meant to provide a re-usable chunk of Bash to use for
# "etc/bash_completion.d/" files for individual tools. Only the "Configuration"
# section with tool-specific info need differ. Features:
#
# - support for short and long opts
# - support for knowing which options take arguments
# - support for subcommands (e.g. 'git log <TAB>' to show just options for the
# log subcommand)
# - does the right thing with "--" to stop options
# - custom optarg and arg types for custom completions
# - (TODO) support for shells other than Bash (tcsh, zsh, fish?, etc.)
#
#
# Examples/design:
#
# 1. Bash "default" completion. By default Bash's 'complete -o default' is
# enabled. That means when there are no completions (e.g. if no opts match
# the current word), then you'll get Bash's default completion. Most notably
# that means you get filename completion. E.g.:
# $ tool ./<TAB>
# $ tool READ<TAB>
#
# 2. all opts and subcmds:
# $ tool <TAB>
# $ tool -v <TAB> # assuming '-v' doesn't take an arg
# $ tool -<TAB> # matching opts
# $ git lo<TAB> # matching subcmds
#
# Long opt completions are given *without* the '=', i.e. we prefer space
# separated because that's easier for good completions.
#
# 3. long opt arg with '='
# $ tool --file=<TAB>
# $ tool --file=./d<TAB>
# We maintain the "--file=" prefix. Limitation: With the attached prefix
# the 'complete -o filenames' doesn't know to do dirname '/' suffixing. Meh.
#
# 4. envvars:
# $ tool $<TAB>
# $ tool $P<TAB>
# Limitation: Currently only getting exported vars, so we miss "PS1" and
# others.
#
# 5. Defer to other completion in a subshell:
# $ tool --file $(cat ./<TAB>
# We get this from 'complete -o default ...'.
#
# 6. Custom completion types from a provided bash function.
# $ tool --profile <TAB> # complete available "profiles"
#
#
# Dev Notes:
# - compgen notes, from http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/151118/understand-compgen-builtin-command
# - https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Programmable-Completion-Builtins.html
#
# Debugging this completion:
# 1. Uncomment the "_{{name}}_log_file=..." line.
# 2. 'tail -f /var/tmp/dashdash-completion.log' in one terminal.
# 3. Re-source this bash completion file.
#_{{name}}_log=/var/tmp/dashdash-completion.log
function _{{name}}_completer {
# ---- cmd definition
{{spec}}
# ---- locals
declare -a argv
# ---- support functions
function trace {
[[ -n "$_{{name}}_log" ]] && echo "$*" >&2
}
function _dashdash_complete {
local idx context
idx=$1
context=$2
local shortopts longopts optargs subcmds allsubcmds argtypes
shortopts="$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_shortopts}")"
longopts="$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_longopts}")"
optargs="$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_optargs}")"
subcmds="$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_subcmds}")"
allsubcmds="$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_allsubcmds}")"
IFS=', ' read -r -a argtypes <<< "$(eval "echo \${cmd${context}_argtypes}")"
trace ""
trace "_dashdash_complete(idx=$idx, context=$context)"
trace " shortopts: $shortopts"
trace " longopts: $longopts"
trace " optargs: $optargs"
trace " subcmds: $subcmds"
trace " allsubcmds: $allsubcmds"
# Get 'state' of option parsing at this COMP_POINT.
# Copying "dashdash.js#parse()" behaviour here.
local state=
local nargs=0
local i=$idx
local argtype
local optname
local prefix
local word
local dashdashseen=
while [[ $i -lt $len && $i -le $COMP_CWORD ]]; do
argtype=
optname=
prefix=
word=
arg=${argv[$i]}
trace " consider argv[$i]: '$arg'"
if [[ "$arg" == "--" && $i -lt $COMP_CWORD ]]; then
trace " dashdash seen"
dashdashseen=yes
state=arg
word=$arg
elif [[ -z "$dashdashseen" && "${arg:0:2}" == "--" ]]; then
arg=${arg:2}
if [[ "$arg" == *"="* ]]; then
optname=${arg%%=*}
val=${arg##*=}
trace " long opt: optname='$optname' val='$val'"
state=arg
argtype=$(echo "$optargs" | awk -F "-$optname=" '{print $2}' | cut -d' ' -f1)
word=$val
prefix="--$optname="
else
optname=$arg
val=
trace " long opt: optname='$optname'"
state=longopt
word=--$optname
if [[ "$optargs" == *"-$optname="* && $i -lt $COMP_CWORD ]]; then
i=$(( $i + 1 ))
state=arg
argtype=$(echo "$optargs" | awk -F "-$optname=" '{print $2}' | cut -d' ' -f1)
word=${argv[$i]}
trace " takes arg (consume argv[$i], word='$word')"
fi
fi
elif [[ -z "$dashdashseen" && "${arg:0:1}" == "-" ]]; then
trace " short opt group"
state=shortopt
word=$arg
local j=1
while [[ $j -lt ${#arg} ]]; do
optname=${arg:$j:1}
trace " consider index $j: optname '$optname'"
if [[ "$optargs" == *"-$optname="* ]]; then
argtype=$(echo "$optargs" | awk -F "-$optname=" '{print $2}' | cut -d' ' -f1)
if [[ $(( $j + 1 )) -lt ${#arg} ]]; then
state=arg
word=${arg:$(( $j + 1 ))}
trace " takes arg (rest of this arg, word='$word', argtype='$argtype')"
elif [[ $i -lt $COMP_CWORD ]]; then
state=arg
i=$(( $i + 1 ))
word=${argv[$i]}
trace " takes arg (word='$word', argtype='$argtype')"
fi
break
fi
j=$(( $j + 1 ))
done
elif [[ $i -lt $COMP_CWORD && -n "$arg" ]] && $(echo "$allsubcmds" | grep -w "$arg" >/dev/null); then
trace " complete subcmd: recurse _dashdash_complete"
_dashdash_complete $(( $i + 1 )) "${context}__${arg/-/_}"
return
else
trace " not an opt or a complete subcmd"
state=arg
word=$arg
nargs=$(( $nargs + 1 ))
if [[ ${#argtypes[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
argtype="${argtypes[$(( $nargs - 1 ))]}"
if [[ -z "$argtype" ]]; then
# If we have more args than argtypes, we use the
# last type.
argtype="${argtypes[@]: -1:1}"
fi
fi
fi
trace " state=$state prefix='$prefix' word='$word'"
i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done
trace " parsed: state=$state optname='$optname' argtype='$argtype' prefix='$prefix' word='$word' dashdashseen=$dashdashseen"
local compgen_opts=
if [[ -n "$prefix" ]]; then
compgen_opts="$compgen_opts -P $prefix"
fi
case $state in
shortopt)
compgen $compgen_opts -W "$shortopts $longopts" -- "$word"
;;
longopt)
compgen $compgen_opts -W "$longopts" -- "$word"
;;
arg)
# If we don't know what completion to do, then emit nothing. We
# expect that we are running with:
# complete -o default ...
# where "default" means: "Use Readline's default completion if
# the compspec generates no matches." This gives us the good filename
# completion, completion in subshells/backticks.
#
# We cannot support an argtype="directory" because
# compgen -S '/' -A directory -- "$word"
# doesn't give a satisfying result. It doesn't stop at the trailing '/'
# so you cannot descend into dirs.
if [[ "${word:0:1}" == '$' ]]; then
# By default, Bash will complete '$<TAB>' to all envvars. Apparently
# 'complete -o default' does *not* give us that. The following
# gets *close* to the same completions: '-A export' misses envvars
# like "PS1".
trace " completing envvars"
compgen $compgen_opts -P '$' -A export -- "${word:1}"
elif [[ -z "$argtype" ]]; then
# Only include opts in completions if $word is not empty.
# This is to avoid completing the leading '-', which foils
# using 'default' completion.
if [[ -n "$dashdashseen" ]]; then
trace " completing subcmds, if any (no argtype, dashdash seen)"
compgen $compgen_opts -W "$subcmds" -- "$word"
elif [[ -z "$word" ]]; then
trace " completing subcmds, if any (no argtype, empty word)"
compgen $compgen_opts -W "$subcmds" -- "$word"
else
trace " completing opts & subcmds (no argtype)"
compgen $compgen_opts -W "$shortopts $longopts $subcmds" -- "$word"
fi
elif [[ $argtype == "none" ]]; then
# We want *no* completions, i.e. some way to get the active
# 'complete -o default' to not do filename completion.
trace " completing 'none' (hack to imply no completions)"
echo "##-no-completion- -results-##"
elif [[ $argtype == "file" ]]; then
# 'complete -o default' gives the best filename completion, at least
# on Mac.
trace " completing 'file' (let 'complete -o default' handle it)"
echo ""
elif ! type complete_$argtype 2>/dev/null >/dev/null; then
trace " completing '$argtype' (fallback to default b/c complete_$argtype is unknown)"
echo ""
else
trace " completing custom '$argtype'"
completions=$(complete_$argtype "$word")
if [[ -z "$completions" ]]; then
trace " no custom '$argtype' completions"
# These are in ascii and "dictionary" order so they sort
# correctly.
echo "##-no-completion- -results-##"
else
echo $completions
fi
fi
;;
*)
trace " unknown state: $state"
;;
esac
}
trace ""
trace "-- $(date)"
#trace "\$IFS: '$IFS'"
#trace "\$@: '$@'"
#trace "COMP_WORDBREAKS: '$COMP_WORDBREAKS'"
trace "COMP_CWORD: '$COMP_CWORD'"
trace "COMP_LINE: '$COMP_LINE'"
trace "COMP_POINT: $COMP_POINT"
# Guard against negative COMP_CWORD. This is a Bash bug at least on
# Mac 10.10.4's bash. See
# <https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-bash/2009-07/msg00125.html>.
if [[ $COMP_CWORD -lt 0 ]]; then
trace "abort on negative COMP_CWORD"
exit 1;
fi
# I don't know how to do array manip on argv vars,
# so copy over to argv array to work on them.
shift # the leading '--'
i=0
len=$#
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
argv[$i]=$1
shift;
i=$(( $i + 1 ))
done
trace "argv: '${argv[@]}'"
trace "argv[COMP_CWORD-1]: '${argv[$(( $COMP_CWORD - 1 ))]}'"
trace "argv[COMP_CWORD]: '${argv[$COMP_CWORD]}'"
trace "argv len: '$len'"
_dashdash_complete 1 ""
}
# ---- mainline
# Note: This if-block to help work with 'compdef' and 'compctl' is
# adapted from 'npm completion'.
if type complete &>/dev/null; then
function _{{name}}_completion {
local _log_file=/dev/null
[[ -z "$_{{name}}_log" ]] || _log_file="$_{{name}}_log"
COMPREPLY=($(COMP_CWORD="$COMP_CWORD" \
COMP_LINE="$COMP_LINE" \
COMP_POINT="$COMP_POINT" \
_{{name}}_completer -- "${COMP_WORDS[@]}" \
2>$_log_file)) || return $?
}
complete -o default -F _{{name}}_completion {{name}}
elif type compdef &>/dev/null; then
function _{{name}}_completion {
local _log_file=/dev/null
[[ -z "$_{{name}}_log" ]] || _log_file="$_{{name}}_log"
compadd -- $(COMP_CWORD=$((CURRENT-1)) \
COMP_LINE=$BUFFER \
COMP_POINT=0 \
_{{name}}_completer -- "${words[@]}" \
2>$_log_file)
}
compdef _{{name}}_completion {{name}}
elif type compctl &>/dev/null; then
function _{{name}}_completion {
local cword line point words si
read -Ac words
read -cn cword
let cword-=1
read -l line
read -ln point
local _log_file=/dev/null
[[ -z "$_{{name}}_log" ]] || _log_file="$_{{name}}_log"
reply=($(COMP_CWORD="$cword" \
COMP_LINE="$line" \
COMP_POINT="$point" \
_{{name}}_completer -- "${words[@]}" \
2>$_log_file)) || return $?
}
compctl -K _{{name}}_completion {{name}}
fi
##
## This is a Bash completion file for the '{{name}}' command. You can install
## with either:
##
## cp FILE /usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/{{name}} # Mac
## cp FILE /etc/bash_completion.d/{{name}} # Linux
##
## or:
##
## cp FILE > ~/.{{name}}.completion
## echo "source ~/.{{name}}.completion" >> ~/.bashrc
##

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{
"_args": [
[
"dashdash@1.14.1",
"C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\setup-python"
]
],
"_development": true,
"_from": "dashdash@1.14.1",
"_id": "dashdash@1.14.1",
"_inBundle": false,
"_integrity": "sha1-hTz6D3y+L+1d4gMmuN1YEDX24vA=",
"_location": "/dashdash",
"_phantomChildren": {},
"_requested": {
"type": "version",
"registry": true,
"raw": "dashdash@1.14.1",
"name": "dashdash",
"escapedName": "dashdash",
"rawSpec": "1.14.1",
"saveSpec": null,
"fetchSpec": "1.14.1"
},
"_requiredBy": [
"/sshpk"
],
"_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/dashdash/-/dashdash-1.14.1.tgz",
"_spec": "1.14.1",
"_where": "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents\\setup-python",
"author": {
"name": "Trent Mick",
"email": "trentm@gmail.com",
"url": "http://trentm.com"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/trentm/node-dashdash/issues"
},
"dependencies": {
"assert-plus": "^1.0.0"
},
"description": "A light, featureful and explicit option parsing library.",
"devDependencies": {
"nodeunit": "0.9.x"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">=0.10"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/trentm/node-dashdash#readme",
"keywords": [
"option",
"parser",
"parsing",
"cli",
"command",
"args",
"bash",
"completion"
],
"license": "MIT",
"main": "./lib/dashdash.js",
"name": "dashdash",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/trentm/node-dashdash.git"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "nodeunit test/*.test.js"
},
"version": "1.14.1"
}